Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Heart Failure I: Introduction
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
Imbalances in Cardiac Output
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Dirk L Brutsaert1, Andrew Xanthopoulos2, Filippos Triposkiadis3
1Professor Emeritus, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Beekboshoek 204, 2550 Kontich-Waarloos, Belgium,
Heart failure (HF) is reframed using complexity science, exploring quantum and evolutionary biology. New theoretical models offer insights but face challenges in clinical application for managing this complex condition.
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