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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
07:12

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Published on: December 12, 2025

Urbanization processes widen global divergence in extreme temperature variability.

Renlu Qiao1,2,3, Fangzheng Li4, Tao Wu5

  • 1Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Nature Communications
|July 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Extreme temperature variability (ETV) intensifies in developed cities and weakens in developing ones, creating a significant temperature gap. Urban aerosols and blue-green spaces are key factors influencing this divergence.

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High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects
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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
07:12

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

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High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects
06:58

High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects

Published on: June 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Urban Climatology
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Extreme temperature variability (ETV) is a critical aspect of climate risk globally.
  • The influence of urbanization on the divergence of global ETV patterns is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how urbanization affects global ETV divergence across cities worldwide.
  • To identify urban factors contributing to observed ETV trends and inequalities.

Main Methods:

  • Assembled a 1950-2020 panel dataset of 10,522 cities.
  • Analyzed ETV trajectories based on Human Development Index (HDI) categories.
  • Utilized an interpretable machine-learning framework to assess urban factors' impact on ETV.

Main Results:

  • ETV trajectories diverge significantly based on city development status (HDI).
  • High-development cities show intensifying ETV, while low-development cities exhibit weakening ETV, creating a ~1.66°C gap.
  • Urban aerosols are strongly linked to increased ETV, whereas blue-green spaces are associated with decreased ETV.

Conclusions:

  • Urbanization exacerbates ETV inequality between developed and developing cities.
  • Aerosols and urban greening significantly modulate ETV, highlighting the role of urban governance in climate risk management.