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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Programming RNA Trans-Splicing for Versatile Gene Regulation and Complex Cellular Logic Computation.

Yuanli Gao1,2, Baojun Wang3,4

  • 1College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Split-intron-enabled trans-splicing riboregulators (SENTRs) offer a novel method for precise gene regulation. This synthetic biology tool enables complex cellular computations and biosensing applications.

Keywords:
BiocomputingGroup I intronRNA regulationRNA splicingRiboregulatorSynthetic gene circuit

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Genetic circuit complexity is limited by the availability of programmable regulatory parts.
  • Post-transcriptional gene regulation offers a powerful control mechanism.
  • Split-intron-enabled trans-splicing riboregulators (SENTRs) are a new class of regulatory tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for implementing SENTRs for efficient gene regulation.
  • To showcase the potential of SENTRs in synthetic biology applications.
  • To enable complex cellular logic computation and biosensing.

Main Methods:

  • Computational design of SENTR-based genetic circuits.
  • Experimental assessment of SENTR performance.
  • Statistical analysis of gene regulation data.
  • Integration with split inteins for split-biomolecule circuits.

Main Results:

  • SENTRs demonstrate low leakage expression and a wide dynamic range (>1000-fold).
  • SENTRs exhibit high predictability using machine learning and orthogonality.
  • SENTRs enable complex cellular logic computation with up to six inputs.
  • Validated on ten genes, including fluorescent proteins, transcription factors, and ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • SENTRs provide a versatile platform for stringent gene regulation.
  • The SENTR system facilitates the development of novel split-biomolecule-enabled circuits.
  • SENTRs are applicable to diverse fields such as biosensing and complex genetic computation.