Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
06:09
Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
Psychometric Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Assessing Shoulder Function in Athletes: A Systematic
Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos1, George M Pamboris2, Kyriakos Pavlou2
1School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Musculoskeletal Care
|July 8, 2026
Summary
The FAST and KJOC are the most reliable athlete-specific shoulder patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Future research should focus on responsiveness and interpretability for better clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Athlete-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial for assessing shoulder function in sports.
- However, their measurement properties, sport-specific applicability, and responsiveness are not consistently established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically appraise the development and psychometric properties of athlete-specific shoulder PROMs.
- To evaluate cross-cultural adaptations, focusing on reliability, validity, and responsiveness.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases up to September 2025.
- Included studies assessed psychometric properties of shoulder PROMs in athletic populations.
- Methodological quality was appraised using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist.
Main Results:
- Twenty studies met inclusion criteria, including six original PROMs and fourteen adaptations.
- Reliability was generally good-to-excellent (ICC = 0.88-0.97).
- The FAST and KJOC demonstrated strongest construct validity, while single-item PROMs showed feasibility but limited scope.
Conclusions:
- The FAST and KJOC show the most robust measurement evidence among athlete-specific shoulder PROMs.
- Single-item PROMs are practical but have limited scope.
- Future studies should prioritize responsiveness, interpretability, and minimal clinically important differences.