Advanced metal-phenolic networks for tissue regeneration: opportunities and challenges

Owing to their commendable biocompatibility, unique physicochemical properties, and highly tunable structural characteristics, metal polyphenolic networks (MPNs) have emerged as a highly promising class of functional materials, exhibiting broad application prospects in the field of tissue regeneration. This study provides a comprehensive review of the effects of MPNs and their composites on cells and tissue regeneration. It meticulously highlights the mechanisms of action of MPNs and their primary synthesis methods. Furthermore, the properties of MPNs that facilitate tissue regeneration are discussed, along with their promotive effects on the repair of various tissues, including skin wounds, bone/cartilage, joints, the heart, nerves, and teeth. Finally, the challenges faced by MPNs are outlined, and future perspectives in this field are presented, aiming to provide new opportunities and pathways for the application of MPNs-based materials in tissue regeneration.