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Selective Molecular Ion-Gating at Electrochemical Interfaces for Accelerated Lithium Extraction.

Yufei Bai1, Xiaosong Gu1, JiaXiang Liang1

  • 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel core-shell material (LMO@CGO) for selective lithium recovery from brines. This molecular ion-gating strategy enhances lithium-ion transport and separation efficiency in battery deionization systems.

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Published on: February 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Selective lithium recovery from complex brines is challenging due to similar alkali ions.
  • Existing Faradaic lithium insertion materials lack sufficient selectivity against sodium ions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a molecular ion-gating strategy for decoupling selectivity from capacity in lithium recovery.
  • To engineer an advanced core-shell material for highly selective lithium transport.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a LiMn2O4 (LMO) core encapsulated within an Aza-15-Crown-5 (A15C5)-functionalized graphene oxide (CGO) shell (LMO@CGO).
  • Experimental characterization and kinetic modeling of Li+ transport across the LMO@CGO architecture.
  • Integration of the LMO@CGO material into a battery deionization (BDI) system for brine treatment.

Main Results:

  • The LMO@CGO architecture demonstrated highly selective Li+ transport, with macrocyclic rings acting as ion gates.
  • Interfacial enrichment of Li+ accelerated intercalation into the LMO lattice while suppressing competing cation transfer.
  • The BDI system with LMO@CGO achieved a Li+/Na+ separation factor of 302.23 and a capacity of 19.8 mg·g-1 in raw brine.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular ion-gating coupled with Faradaic processes offers a promising interfacial design for selective electrochemical lithium recovery.
  • This strategy effectively addresses the challenge of competitive ion adsorption in complex aqueous environments.
  • The LMO@CGO core-shell material shows significant potential for efficient lithium extraction from challenging sources.