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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

A cobalt(II) complex-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework for efficient cocatalyst-free CO2 cycloaddition.

Fuqiang Song1, Jiayi Suo1, Manchang Kou1

  • 1MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Engineering Research Center of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. tangxiaol@lzu.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel cobalt(II) complex-based framework efficiently synthesizes cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide without cocatalysts. This catalytic system demonstrates excellent green chemistry metrics for sustainable chemical production.

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HBOFs) offer tunable structures for catalytic applications.
  • Efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates is crucial for sustainable chemical processes.
  • Catalyst development for CO2 utilization remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable Co(II) complex-based HBOF for catalytic applications.
  • To investigate the cocatalyst-free synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 using the designed framework.
  • To evaluate the green metrics of the developed catalytic process.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a hydrogen-bonded organic framework incorporating a Co(II) complex.
  • Utilizing supramolecular interactions such as Cl⋯H-N and π⋯π stacking for framework stabilization.
  • Employing the framework as a catalyst for the reaction between epoxides and CO2.

Main Results:

  • The stable Co(II) complex-based HBOF was successfully synthesized.
  • The framework efficiently catalyzed the cocatalyst-free synthesis of cyclic carbonates.
  • High yields and excellent selectivity were achieved, demonstrating superior green metrics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Co(II) complex-based HBOF is a highly effective catalyst for the sustainable synthesis of cyclic carbonates.
  • The catalytic system showcases the potential of HBOFs in CO2 utilization and green chemical manufacturing.
  • The study highlights the importance of supramolecular interactions in designing functional catalytic materials.