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Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

From sudden perceptual learning to enduring engrams: a representational perspective.

Johannah Völler^1,2, Juan Linde-Domingo^1,2, Javier Ortiz-Tudela^1,2

¹Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada 18011, Spain.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

|July 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden perceptual learning creates enduring memories from brief experiences by minimizing prediction errors. This process involves semanticization and engages both neocortical structures and the hippocampus for memory encoding.

Keywords:

long-term memory multiple traces one-shot perceptual learning perceptual insight prediction error representations

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

Sudden perceptual learning involves rapid disambiguation of ambiguous stimuli into lasting memories.
The neural mechanisms and long-term persistence of these memories, especially the hippocampus's role, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a representational framework for understanding sudden perceptual learning and its long-lasting memory traces.
To elucidate the neural underpinnings, including the hippocampus's function, in sudden perceptual learning.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a representational perspective to analyze sudden perceptual learning.
Building on connections between perceptual learning and long-term memory research.

Main Results:

Sudden perceptual learning triggers prediction errors, particularly semantic ones, leading to rapid schema integration.
This process results in low-dimensional, semanticized representations favoring meaning over perceptual details.
Multiple memory traces are encoded: low-dimensional ones in neocortex and high-dimensional, episodic ones involving the hippocampus.

Conclusions:

A representational approach offers a framework for studying the enduring nature of memories formed through sudden perceptual learning.
Sudden perceptual learning involves simultaneous encoding of semantic and episodic memory traces, with distinct neural substrates.
This perspective advances research on hippocampal predictions in cognition, bridging perception and memory.