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Related Concept Videos

Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
Applications of Life Tables01:22

Applications of Life Tables

Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Introduction To Survival Analysis01:18

Introduction To Survival Analysis

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to study time-to-event data, where the "event" might represent outcomes like death, disease relapse, system failure, or recovery. A unique feature of survival data is censoring, which occurs when the event of interest has not been observed for some individuals during the study period. This requires specialized techniques to handle incomplete data effectively.
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time until a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
10:00

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: January 7, 2013

Temporal Trends in Mortality in Portugal, 1913-2022.

Carlos Aniceto1, Andreia Leite1,2, Madalena Rodrigues1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.

Portuguese Journal of Public Health
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mortality rates in Portugal have significantly declined since 1913, with crude mortality rates (CMR) decreasing by 42.1% and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) by 70.9% by 2022. Analysis reveals varying trends by age and sex, with a shift from decreasing to increasing mortality observed from 1982 onwards.

Keywords:
Age groupsMortalityPortugalSexTime factors

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
10:00

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: January 7, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Demographic and epidemiological transitions have historically altered mortality patterns.
  • Long-term studies on mortality evolution in Portugal are limited.
  • Understanding mortality trends is crucial for public health policy and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate and describe annual crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) in Portugal from 1913 to 2022.
  • To analyze temporal trends in CMR and ASMR from 1940 onwards, considering sex and age stratifications.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of mortality evolution in Portugal over more than a century.

Main Methods:

  • A time series study utilizing official statistics on deaths and resident population from 1913 to 2022.
  • Calculation of annual CMR, overall and stratified by sex and age group.
  • Estimation of ASMRs for specific periods and analysis of trends using joinpoint regression from 1940 onwards.

Main Results:

  • Annual CMR decreased by 42.1% between 1913 and 2022; from 1940-2022, CMR decreased by an average of 0.4% annually.
  • Overall ASMR declined by 70.9% between 1920 and 2022; from 1940-2022, ASMR decreased by an average of 1.4% annually, with interruptions.
  • Significant reductions in mortality were observed in the youngest age group (0-9 years), while older age groups (≥60) also showed decreases. Distinct temporal trends by sex were identified, with a shift from decreasing to increasing mortality trends observed from 1982 onwards.

Conclusions:

  • Portugal has experienced an overall decreasing trend in both crude and age-adjusted mortality rates.
  • The study provides the first long-term description of mortality trends in Portugal from 1940 to 2022.
  • The findings contribute valuable insights into the dynamics of mortality evolution in the Portuguese population.