Multi-source dataset of NO₂ and PM from mobile and fixed sensors in Rouen (France)

This article presents a dataset bringing together measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5), obtained from mobile and fixed devices, collected using low-cost sensors and monitoring stations in Rouen (France). These measurements were obtained as part of the TIGA research project, 'Rouen: Smart Mobility for All', launched by Métropole Rouen Normandie to improve its transport network and reduce its impact on air quality (this research project is still in the experimental phase). As part of this project, and to complement the research carried out to date using fixed sensors, it has been decided to incorporate mobile sensors, both to enhance spatial measurements representativeness, and to investigate how multi-hop calibrations can be carried out using this new mobile measure network. Therefore, the measurement network consists of ten mobile AtmoTrack sensors installed on buses (measurements every 10 s), eighteen AirSensEUR sensors deployed on traffic lights (measurements every minute), and six fixed monitoring stations (measurements every 15 min). It also includes measurements from two AtmoTrack sensors (measurements every 5 min) installed in the vicinity of a reference station. All data were collected over a period of more than ten months, from January 15, 2025, to November 30, 2025. The deployment of these ten mobile AtmoTrack sensors followed a two-month feasibility study (October 2023) aimed at assessing the added value of a mobile sensor network for PM₁₀ measurements [1]. In addition to NO₂ and PM concentrations, the dataset includes, for mobile sensors, information related to bus speed and GPS position, as well as internal meteorological parameters (relative humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure). For fixed sensors, in addition to these three meteorological parameters, measurements of additional atmospheric gases are available (Ox, NO, and CO). This dataset constitutes a relevant resource for the development and evaluation of calibration methods for multisource networks, as well as for the study of heterogeneous data fusion. The availability of mobile measurements can also help public and private stakeholders better identify their needs and implement targeted actions aimed at improving air quality-particularly for NO₂, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5-and consequently the health of urban populations.