Simultaneous TAVR and TMVR-in-MAC guided by 3D modelling and prosthesis modification: a case report

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) with concomitant mitral annular calcification (MAC) presents substantial procedural and surgical challenges, and simultaneous transcatheter treatment remains rare. This case adds to the emerging literature by demonstrating a hybrid approach using transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transapical transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR)-in-MAC supported by patient-specific 3D-printed simulation and prosthesis modification.

A 68-year-old woman with severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, prior thoracic surgery, and a pacemaker presented with progressive dyspnoea. Echocardiography showed severe AS and functional mitral stenosis due to extensive MAC. Given prohibitive surgical risk, the Heart Team pursued a percutaneous strategy. A transfemoral self-expanding aortic transcatheter heart valve (THV) was partially deployed for annular anchoring, followed by transapical TMVR with a balloon-expandable valve modified with a polyethylene terephthalate skirt. Pre-procedural simulation with a patient-specific 3D-printed model guided implant depth and informed the decision for prosthesis modification. Both valves were implanted successfully with no paravalvular leak; a moderate left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient was noted.

Simultaneous TAVR and TMVR in MAC is rare and technically challenging. This case shows that patient-specific 3D-printed modelling can support procedural planning and device modification, enabling a feasible hybrid transcatheter strategy with favourable clinical outcomes in a high-risk patient.