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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Universal Molecular Retention with 11-Fold Expansion Microscopy
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Universal Molecular Retention with 11-Fold Expansion Microscopy

Published on: October 6, 2023

Expansion microscopy of banked brain tissue.

Andrew T McKenzie1, Alicia Keberle1, Andria Slaughter1

  • 1Apex Neuroscience, Salem, USA.

Free Neuropathology
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Expansion microscopy (ExM) visualizes brain ultrastructure in banked tissue. This method complements electron microscopy (EM) for high-throughput neural circuit imaging and molecular annotation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microscopy techniques
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables ultrastructural imaging of biological specimens using fluorescence microscopes.
  • The efficacy of ExM in postmortem human brain tissue requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of a standardized ExM protocol on banked human cortical tissue.
  • To compare ExM findings with electron microscopy (EM) for ultrastructural analysis.
  • To assess the utility of ExM for high-throughput imaging and molecular annotation of neural circuits in postmortem brain samples.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a previously established ExM protocol to postmortem human cortical tissue from eight banked brains.
  • Analyzed tissue with postmortem intervals ranging from 40 minutes to 91 hours.
Keywords:
Brain bankingExpansion microscopyNeurofilamentPostmortem changesUltrastructural qualityγ-protocadherin

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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  • Compared ExM data with correlative electron microscopy (EM) on matched samples.
  • Utilized immunofluorescence labeling for molecular annotation (SMI-312 neurofilament, γ-protocadherin).

    • Main Results:

    • Both ExM and EM revealed similar patterns of ultrastructural features, including postmortem artifacts that increased with longer postmortem intervals.
    • EM offered superior resolution for synaptic details, while ExM provided high-throughput volumetric imaging of neural circuits.
    • ExM successfully enabled molecular annotation of ultrastructure via immunofluorescence.

    Conclusions:

    • Expansion microscopy is suitable for visualizing ultrastructure in routinely banked human brain tissue.
    • ExM serves as a valuable complementary technique to EM, offering nanoscale imaging, molecular specificity, and high-throughput capabilities for studying neural circuits.