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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: May 27, 2022
Assessment of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with acute brain injury: a group-based multivariate trajectory
Hai Zhou1, Changcun Chen2,3, Hui Zheng2
1Department of Sleep Medicine, Bayi Orthopedic Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Objective:
This study aimed to describe the evolution patterns of cerebral hemodynamics in acute brain injury (ABI) patients.
Methods:
ABI patients with intracranial pressure (ICP), invasive arterial blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) records were identified from Medical Information Mart for the Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV 3.0, eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) 2.0, and the Department of Neurosurgery of Longquan Hospital. Group-based multivariate trajectory (GBMT) modeling was employed to identify clusters of participants with similar evolution patterns of cerebral hemodynamics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the GBMT clusters and outcomes. Features were selected using a random forest (RF) algorithm based on recursive feature elimination (RFE), and feature importance was interpreted using SHAP values. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed.
Results:
Data from 477 eligible patients from the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD databases were included in the trajectory analysis. Additionally, data from 519 patients from the Department of Neurosurgery were utilized for external validation. GBMT analyses identified five clusters with distinct cerebral hemodynamics evolution patterns. Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 5 was the only one associated with an unfavorable outcome. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the effect size and direction in different subgroups were consistent, and the results were stable.
Conclusion:
This study identified a unique cerebral hemodynamics evolution pattern in ABI that was associated with unfavorable outcomes. Notably, our study suggested that the longitudinal analysis of multiple hemodynamic indicators may offer a novel perspective for the treatment of ABI patients.
