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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
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Published on: February 6, 2015

Re-validation of the Cancer Research UK Cancer Awareness Measure 'plus' (CAM+): a study protocol.

Maja Nikšić1, Kate Hamilton-West1,2, Lindsay J L Forbes1

  • 1Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Public Health
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study revalidates the Cancer Research UK Cancer Awareness Measure Plus (CAM+) to ensure its accuracy in assessing public cancer awareness and behaviors. The multi-phase process will refine the survey for ongoing relevance in cancer prevention and early diagnosis strategies.

Keywords:
cancer awarenessearly diagnosisearly prevention behaviourquestionnairevalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Behavior
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The Cancer Research UK Cancer Awareness Measure (CRUK CAM) is a validated survey assessing public attitudes, awareness, and behaviors related to cancer prevention, screening, and early diagnosis.
  • CRUK regularly collects CAM data to inform strategic planning, with the measure evolving to reflect changes in research, policy, and practice.
  • The current study aims to revalidate the latest version, CAM 'Plus' (CAM+), to ensure its continued accuracy, reliability, validity, and relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revalidate the Cancer Research UK Cancer Awareness Measure Plus (CAM+) survey.
  • To ensure the CAM+ remains an accurate, reliable, valid, and relevant tool for assessing public cancer awareness and behaviors.
  • To update the measure based on current research, policy, and practice in cancer prevention, screening, and early diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A four-phase revalidation process from 2023 to 2026, involving revisions after each phase.
  • Phase 1: Auditing CAM+ against the COM-B behavior change framework, literature reviews, face validity assessment, and readability assessment.
  • Phase 2: Content validity assessment through cognitive interviews with the public using 'Think Aloud' and a four-stage cognitive interviewing model. Phase 3: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Phase 4: Construct validity, reliability (test-retest), and responsiveness assessment, adhering to COSMIN guidelines.

Main Results:

  • The study is ongoing, with results expected upon completion of the four phases by 2026.
  • The revalidation process will yield a refined and psychometrically assured CAM+ survey instrument.
  • The findings will inform Cancer Research UK's strategic planning and public health interventions related to cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The revalidation of CAM+ is crucial for maintaining a robust measure of public cancer awareness and behaviors.
  • The comprehensive, multi-phase approach ensures the survey's scientific rigor and practical utility.
  • An updated and validated CAM+ will support effective cancer prevention, screening, and early diagnosis initiatives.