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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 10, 2025
Phase Angle Shows a Negative Correlation With Serum GDF-15 Concentrations in Hospitalized Patients With
Taira Fukuda1, Kan Kondo2, Riichi Nishikawa2
1Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan, human.ac.jp.
Background:
Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is associated with various conditions such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and chronic kidney disease. Phase angle (PhA) reflects cellular health and nutritional status. However, the relationship between serum GDF-15 concentrations and PhA is unclear.
Methods:
Serum GDF-15 concentrations in patients with heart failure (n = 91), aortic stenosis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (n = 48), and healthy older individuals (n = 73) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PhA was measured with an impedance-based body composition analyzer.
Results:
PhA showed a negative correlation with serum GDF-15 concentrations in total subjects. PhA showed a positive correlation with serum albumin (Alb) levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and grip strength, and serum GDF-15 concentrations showed a negative correlation with serum Alb levels, Hb levels, eGFR, and grip strength. In multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for age, PhA reflected the association with grip strength. For the presence or absence of muscle weakness measured by handgrip strength, in men, PhA had a cutoff value of 4.35 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.857, while GDF-15 had a cutoff value of 2012 pg/mL and an AUC of 0.773. In women, PhA had a cutoff value of 4.25 and an AUC of 0.804, while GDF-15 had a cutoff value of 1109 pg/mL and an AUC of 0.764.
Conclusion:
PhA showed a negative correlation with serum GDF-15 concentrations in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Both PhA and serum GDF-15 concentrations might be considered as a biomarker of sarcopenia or cachexia.
