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Microfluidic Gut-on-a-Chip Models for Functional Food Evaluation: From Digestion Kinetics to Personalized Nutrition.

Feng Yao1, Lichun Chen1

  • 1Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
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Microfluidic gut-on-a-chip (GOC) technology offers a biomimetic platform for assessing functional food ingredients. This advanced system bridges the gap between traditional lab tests and human studies, improving the evaluation of food bioactives.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Bioengineering
  • Functional Food Science
  • Microphysiological Systems

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of functional food ingredient gastrointestinal fate is crucial for health benefit claims.
  • Conventional in vitro models lack the dynamic, multicellular, and physicochemical complexity of the human intestine, leading to a predictive gap.
  • Microfluidic gut-on-a-chip (GOC) technology offers a biomimetic microphysiological approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the applications of GOC systems in evaluating food bioactives.
  • To summarize core GOC design principles and discuss their relevance to food science.
  • To analyze the advantages, limitations, and industrial translation pathways for GOC technology in functional food development.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
bioavailabilityfunctional food ingredientsgut‐on‐a‐chipin vitro digestionintestinal absorptionpersonalized nutrition

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  • Review of GOC system design principles (biomimetic architecture, materials, mechanical cues, gradients).
  • Discussion of GOC applications: sequential digestion, absorption, barrier function, host-microbiota interactions, disease modeling, personalized nutrition.
  • Analysis of GOC system advantages (physiological relevance, real-time monitoring) and limitations (analytical bias, variability, scalability).
  • Main Results:

    • GOC systems integrate fluid flow, mechanical cues, and multicellular co-cultures for biomimicry.
    • Applications span digestion, absorption, barrier assessment, host-microbiota dynamics, and personalized nutrition.
    • Key considerations for translation include throughput, standardization, regulatory acceptance, and scalability.

    Conclusions:

    • GOC technology provides a promising platform for evaluating food bioactives, enhancing physiological relevance.
    • The technology can support high-throughput screening, personalized formulation testing, and multi-organ assessments.
    • GOC systems have the potential to bridge conventional assays and human studies for evidence-based functional food development.