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A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

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Evidence for a Shared Vulnerability to Both Anxiety/Depression ("Internalizing") Disorder and Alcohol-Related

Matt G Kushner¹, Justin J Anker¹, Paul Thuras¹

¹University of Minnesota -Twin Cities.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

|July 9, 2026

Summary

Individuals with internalizing disorder (INTD) develop alcohol-related symptoms more efficiently, suggesting a shared vulnerability. This neurobiological link may explain the common co-occurrence of INTD and alcohol problems.

Keywords:

Alcohol Anxiety Comorbidity Depression Internalizing

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Addiction Research

Background:

Internalizing disorders (INTD) share neurobiological dysregulations with substance use disorders.
Previous cross-sectional studies suggested INTD may lead to alcohol-related symptoms with greater neurobiological efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively investigate the association between internalizing disorder (INTD) status and alcohol-related symptoms.
To determine if INTD predicts the development of alcohol-related symptoms with greater neurobiological efficiency.

Main Methods:

Utilized the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) waves 1 and 2 data.
Assessed individuals approximately 3 years apart, evaluating INTD status and alcohol symptom count.
Controlled for typical daily drinking levels and relevant demographic/clinical variables.

Main Results:

Individuals developing INTD between wave 1 and wave 2 showed more alcohol-related symptoms relative to their drinking level.
This association was stronger when INTD was present at both waves.
Findings indicate a potential shared neurobiological vulnerability.

Conclusions:

The results support a shared vulnerability model for INTD and alcohol-related problems.
This shared vulnerability may contribute to the frequent co-occurrence of these conditions.
Findings highlight the importance of considering comorbid conditions in treatment strategies.