Duration of Care in Early Intervention in Psychosis Services: A Multi-Perspective Qualitative Study

Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services in England are commissioned to provide up to 3 years' support to people experiencing first episode psychosis, but the optimal duration remains debated. This qualitative study aimed to explore how decisions about EIP duration are made and experienced by multiple stakeholders.

Qualitative longitudinal study comprising semi-structured interviews with EIP Service Users (SUs), carers, EIP practitioners, GPs, and mental health service commissioners; follow-up interviews with SUs 6-11 months later. Data were collected between September 2022 and September 2024 and informed by information power. Data were thematically analysed by a multidisciplinary team. Patient and carer involvement and engagement were integral to the study.

The 3-year time limit of contact with EIP teams was thought to work well when SUs felt supported and ready for discharge, but constrained shared decision making when they did not. Some participants described early discharge before 3 years, either as a negotiated decision based on wellness and readiness to move on or as a consequence of poor engagement. Others reported extended care beyond 3 years in response to individual needs or delays in transfer to Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs). This flexibility in duration varied across teams and trusts. Well-managed, relational care was viewed as key to effective discharge.

Flexible, person-centred episodes of care and collaborative discharge planning, supported by effective coordination between EIP, primary care, and CMHTs, are essential to sustaining relational practice and ensuring smoother transitions.