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The Association Between Bending Photoplethysmography Waveform Area Index and Congestive Heart Failure
Xianghui Zeng1, Qingfeng Zeng1, Chunqing Xiao2
1Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Clinical Cardiology
|July 9, 2026
Summary
The bending photoplethysmography waveform area index (BPWAI) decreases in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This BPWAI is significantly associated with CHF, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic indicator.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) is linked to reduced cardiac output.
- Photoplethysmography (PPG) can assess cardiac output.
- The relationship between postural changes in PPG parameters and CHF is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the bending photoplethysmography waveform area index (BPWAI) and congestive heart failure (CHF).
- To evaluate BPWAI as a potential indicator for CHF diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Patients with suspected CHF underwent physical examination, echocardiography, and NT-proBNP testing.
- Finger-end PPG waveform area was measured in sitting and bending positions.
- Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to assess the association between BPWAI and CHF.
Main Results:
- 523 patients were included; 291 (55.6%) were diagnosed with CHF.
- An increase in BPWAI was associated with a decreased likelihood of CHF (OR: 0.55).
- The AUC for BPWAI in diagnosing CHF was 0.736, with 67.4% sensitivity and 71.5% specificity at a cut-off of 0.85.
Conclusions:
- A decrease in PPG waveform area when bending is associated with CHF.
- BPWAI demonstrates a significant association with CHF.
- BPWAI may serve as a potential indicator for CHF.
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