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Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression

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Genetic Variants Associated With Treatment Response in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Ana Luiza da Silva Selani¹, Beatriz Cristina Betarelli, Marília Aparecida Batista Dos Santos

¹Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

|July 9, 2026

Summary

Genetic variants influence bipolar disorder treatment response, with BDNF showing consistent associations. Other gene findings are inconsistent due to study variations.

Keywords:

affective disorders mood disorders personalized medicine pharmacogenetics variants pharmacogenomics treatment outcome

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Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Published on: April 10, 2026

Area of Science:

Pharmacogenomics
Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Bipolar disorder (BD) treatment response varies significantly among individuals.
Identifying genetic factors influencing treatment efficacy is crucial for personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and identify genetic variants associated with pharmacological treatment response in bipolar disorder patients.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive systematic review of multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS) was performed.
Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining genetic variants and treatment response in BD.
Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

69 studies involving 31,760 participants were included.
BDNF gene variants, particularly Val66Met (rs6265), showed consistent associations with treatment response.
Findings for other genes (GSK3β, SLC6A4, COMT, CREB1, DRD2, 5-HT2A) were heterogeneous.

Conclusions:

Genetic variations play a role in bipolar disorder pharmacological treatment response.
Consistent evidence supports associations for a subset of genes, notably BDNF.
Methodological heterogeneity across studies contributes to inconsistent findings for other genetic variants.