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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
03:45

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Published on: August 8, 2022

Sex Differences in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Sonu Abraham1, Natalie Tapaskar2, Anu Saji3

  • 1Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) face later diagnoses and more severe symptoms than men. Recognizing sex-specific differences is crucial for improving care and outcomes for women with HCM.

Keywords:
Female sexHeart failureHypertrophic cardiomyopathyLeft ventricular outflow tract obstructionMyosin inhibitorsSex differencesWomen

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
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Published on: August 8, 2022

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sex-based Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects males and females differently.
  • Understanding these sex-based disparities is critical for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on sex-based differences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • To highlight disparities in presentation, progression, outcomes, and management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of contemporary scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies reporting sex-specific data in HCM.

Main Results:

  • Women with HCM are diagnosed later, present with more severe symptoms, and have greater heart failure burden.
  • Despite similar risks for arrhythmias, women experience worse quality of life and faster progression to advanced heart failure.
  • Current risk assessment tools may underestimate disease severity in women; cardiac myosin inhibitors show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-specific differences significantly influence HCM phenotype, progression, and management.
  • Addressing disparities in care access and clinical trial representation is essential.
  • Individualized care recognizing sex differences is key to improving outcomes for women with HCM.