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Malnutrition Is Common in Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Prospective Study Using Validated Nutritional Assessment Tools
Thangam Venkatesan1, Praveen S Goday2, Saranya Arumugam3
1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Thangam.Venkatesan@osumc.edu.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|July 9, 2026
Summary
Most adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) are at risk of malnutrition, despite potential overweight or obesity. Early nutritional assessment by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) is crucial for managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Nutritional Science
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) frequently impacts nutritional status due to recurrent nausea and vomiting.
- Systematic data on nutritional status in adults with CVS are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the nutritional status of adults diagnosed with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS).
- To assess the effectiveness of validated screening tools in identifying malnutrition risk in CVS patients.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 80 adults diagnosed with CVS according to Rome IV criteria.
- Nutritional status assessed using Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA-SF), PG-SGA by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN), and Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST).
Main Results:
- 70% of participants were at risk of malnutrition based on PG-SGA-SF, with 51% identified by MST.
- Despite malnutrition risk, 27% were obese and 20% overweight; BMI did not differentiate nutritional status.
- The PG-SGA-SF showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (71%) for detecting malnutrition.
Conclusions:
- The majority of adults with CVS exhibit malnutrition, necessitating referral to an RDN.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is not a reliable screening tool for malnutrition in CVS.
- Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms contributing to obesity in CVS.
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