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Wireless-Powered Flexible Bioelectronic Implants with Deformation-Aware Optimization.

Tianxiang Zheng, Shoulu Gong, Ning Kang

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |July 9, 2026
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    Summary

    This study presents a new method for designing flexible wireless power transfer coils for medical implants. The deformation-aware framework optimizes coil performance, ensuring stable energy delivery even when bent within biological tissues.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Electromagnetics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Implantable medical devices require reliable power without batteries.
    • Flexible and deformable receiving coils are crucial for biological environments.
    • Optimizing these coils for mechanical and electromagnetic performance is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a deformation-aware optimization framework for implantable wireless power transfer (WPT) systems.
    • To design and analyze flexible receiving coils that maintain efficiency under mechanical stress.
    • To ensure stable energy delivery for battery-less implantable devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Integrated mechanical deformation, electromagnetic coupling, and tissue isolation into an optimization framework.
    • Designed and analyzed dual-layer planar receiver (Rx) coils under self-resonant-frequency (SRF) constraints.
    • Evaluated geometric parameters (turn number, width-to-spacing ratio) for circular, square, and elliptical coils.
    • Quantified bending effects on coil inductance, resistance, and coupling.

    Main Results:

    • The 8-turn circular Rx coil (w:s = 2:1) demonstrated optimal performance.
    • Deformation-aware optimization maintained high efficiency and reduced variance across 0°-90° bending with 20 mm tissue isolation.
    • Validated through simulations, ex vivo measurements, and an in vivo rat implantation study.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed framework provides a practical pathway for designing mechanically robust and efficient flexible Rx coils.
    • This approach enhances the reliability of deformation-tolerant implantable inductive WPT links.
    • Stable device positioning and integration were confirmed in vivo.