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How to benchmark medical AI agents
Silas Ruhrberg Estévez1,2,3, Dyke Ferber1, Mihaela van der Schaar2,3
1Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Plos Medicine
|July 9, 2026
Abstract:
Medical artificial intelligence research is shifting from single-task models toward multimodal large language model-based agents for complex clinical workflows, requiring benchmarks that assess clinical reasoning, process safety, and resource stewardship rather than final outputs alone.