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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration01:23

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
Respiration01:24

Respiration

Overview of the Respiratory System and Energy Production
Energy production in the human body is primarily fueled by oxidation, a process where food molecules are burned by combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This vital metabolic process sustains life, and is supported intricately by the respiratory system.
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is a complex network of structures that includes the nose, oropharynx, larynx, trachea,...
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles01:21

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles

The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings
10:45

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

Published on: January 22, 2018

To eat or to breathe?

M Denise Dearing1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Highland mice exhibit a molecular competition between responses to low oxygen and toxins. This shared regulator impacts physiological adaptations in these unique mammals.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Adaptation

Background:

  • Highland mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) inhabit high-altitude environments with chronic hypoxia.
  • Exposure to environmental toxins presents a separate physiological challenge.
  • Understanding shared regulatory pathways is crucial for adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying responses to hypoxia and toxins in highland mice.
  • To identify a potential shared regulator governing these distinct physiological responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transcriptomic analysis to compare gene expression profiles under hypoxic and toxin-exposed conditions.
  • Employed molecular biology techniques to validate key regulatory targets.

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Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

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06:21

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings
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Published on: January 22, 2018

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  • Conducted physiological assays to assess response magnitudes.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a specific molecular regulator significantly modulated by both low oxygen and toxin exposure.
    • Demonstrated that this regulator's activity is a limiting factor for both response pathways.
    • Observed a competitive interaction for this regulator between the two stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • A single molecular regulator governs the physiological responses to low oxygen and toxins in highland mice.
    • This competition influences the adaptive capacity to environmental stressors.
    • Findings provide insights into the complex interplay of physiological adaptations.