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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
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Pneumococcal Vaccination Uptake in People With Immunosuppressed Conditions Using Real-World Primary Care Data Across
Bernardo Meza1, Gavin Jamie1, Jose Ordóñez-Mena1
1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom, 44 01865 617855.
JMIR Research Protocols
|July 9, 2026
Summary
Pneumococcal vaccination rates in UK adults with immunosuppression are largely unknown. This study will analyze vaccine uptake in high-risk groups to identify coverage gaps and inform public health strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases
- Public Health and Epidemiology
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Pneumococcal vaccination significantly reduces disease burden and mortality in the UK.
- Current guidelines recommend vaccination for adults aged ≥65 and at-risk individuals, including those with immunosuppression.
- Data on pneumococcal vaccine coverage in specific high-risk immunosuppressed groups in the UK is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the yearly uptake of pneumococcal vaccine in adults with immunosuppressive conditions.
- To stratify vaccine uptake by the etiology of immunosuppression.
- To identify potential variations in vaccine adoption among high-risk populations.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using nationally representative data from the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre network.
- Inclusion of adults with various immunosuppressive conditions (e.g., bone marrow compromise, organ transplant, oncological treatment, immunosuppressive drugs, immunodeficiencies).
- Primary outcome: pneumococcal vaccination, defined as one dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23).
Main Results:
- Study funded May 2025, data extraction Dec 2025-Feb 2026, analysis started Mar 2026.
- Will report disaggregated pneumococcal vaccine uptake for immunosuppressed individuals, a previously unreported metric.
- Will analyze socioeconomic gradients and ethnic differences in vaccine uptake.
Conclusions:
- Findings will provide granular data on pneumococcal vaccination coverage in the UK's immunosuppressed population.
- This study aims to address gaps in surveillance for high-risk groups.
- Results will help identify and rectify unwarranted variations in vaccine adoption.
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