Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists With Menstrual Events in Reproductive-Aged Patients
1Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Epilytics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are increasingly prescribed to reproductive-aged patients, yet pharmacovigilance data on menstrual outcomes remain sparse. Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System data through March 2026, we performed disproportionality and Bayesian analyses restricted to female patients aged 12-55 years in a retrospective cohort study. Semaglutide demonstrated the broadest signal profile, with disproportionate reporting of heavy menstrual bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, menstrual clots, oligomenorrhea, and anovulatory cycles. Tirzepatide generated signals for intermenstrual bleeding and menstrual clots. Liraglutide produced no significant signals. These findings suggest pleiotropic effects on menstrual physiology and may support inclusion of menstrual health in counseling for reproductive-aged patients.
Related Concept Videos
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
