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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Flexible Organic Electronic Devices for Pulsed Electric Field Therapy of Glioblastoma
11:02

Flexible Organic Electronic Devices for Pulsed Electric Field Therapy of Glioblastoma

Published on: August 9, 2022

Stressed bones and glioblastoma.

Manuel Valiente1

  • 1Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Cancer Cell
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chronic stress worsens glioblastoma by activating a brain-bone marrow axis. This axis promotes tumor growth by altering immune cell differentiation, offering new therapeutic targets for brain cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic stress is linked to adverse cancer outcomes.
  • Mechanisms connecting stress to glioblastoma progression are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of stress responses in glioblastoma.
  • To identify the specific pathways linking stress to tumor progression.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated a novel stress-induced axis.
  • Analyzed monocyte differentiation pathways.
  • Examined the brain-bone marrow connection in glioblastoma models.

Main Results:

  • Identified a stress-induced brain-bone marrow axis.
  • Demonstrated rewiring of monocyte differentiation.

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Image-Guided Resection of Glioblastoma and Intracranial Implantation of Therapeutic Stem Cell-seeded Scaffolds
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Image-Guided Resection of Glioblastoma and Intracranial Implantation of Therapeutic Stem Cell-seeded Scaffolds

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Image-Guided Resection of Glioblastoma and Intracranial Implantation of Therapeutic Stem Cell-seeded Scaffolds
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  • Showcased promotion of pro-tumorigenic macrophages.

    • Conclusions:

    • Stress significantly impacts glioblastoma through immune modulation.
    • The identified axis presents a potential therapeutic vulnerability.
    • Targeting this axis may improve glioblastoma treatment outcomes.