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Related Concept Videos

The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Plasmodesmata02:32

Plasmodesmata

The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells alike. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal...
Plasmodesmata01:20

Plasmodesmata

In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...
Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Quantitative Approaches for Scoring in vivo Neuronal Aggregate and Organelle Extrusion in Large Exopher Vesicles in C. elegans
09:06

Quantitative Approaches for Scoring in vivo Neuronal Aggregate and Organelle Extrusion in Large Exopher Vesicles in C. elegans

Published on: September 18, 2020

Rapid cell-to-cell expulsion completes phloem sieve element maturation.

Adriana Jelínková1, Markéta Dalecká2, Matěj Drs1

  • 1Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, Praha 6, 165 00 Prague, Czechia.

Current Biology : CB
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plant phloem sieve elements (PSEs) develop through selective organelle removal, not cell death. This study reveals key cytological events, including calcium signaling and F-actin dynamics, during PSE maturation in Arabidopsis.

Keywords:
ArabidopsisF-actinFIB-SEMcalcium signalingcytoplasmic clearingdevelopmental switchdifferentiationphloemphloem unloadingprotophloem sieve elements

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Quantitative Approaches for Scoring in vivo Neuronal Aggregate and Organelle Extrusion in Large Exopher Vesicles in C. elegans
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Quantitative Approaches for Scoring in vivo Neuronal Aggregate and Organelle Extrusion in Large Exopher Vesicles in C. elegans

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07:49

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Development of Microfluidic Devices to Study the Elongation Capability of Tip-growing Plant Cells in Extremely Small Spaces
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Development of Microfluidic Devices to Study the Elongation Capability of Tip-growing Plant Cells in Extremely Small Spaces

Published on: May 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Plant vasculature transports sap via specialized cells.
  • Xylem vessels mature through programmed cell death.
  • Phloem sieve elements (PSEs) undergo selective organelle degradation for efficient sap flow, but differentiation details are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cytological mechanisms and spatiotemporal dynamics of phloem sieve element (PSE) differentiation.
  • To characterize the cellular events leading to functional PSEs in Arabidopsis.

Main Methods:

  • Live imaging of PSE development in Arabidopsis root tips.
  • Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) for high-resolution ultrastructural analysis.
  • Monitoring of calcium signaling and autophagy markers.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced calcium signaling and autophagy marker dynamics correlate with cytoplasmic clearing.
  • Observed unique cellular features like plasma membrane remodeling and a central endoplasmic reticulum sleeve.
  • Filamentous actin (F-actin) dynamics identified as a key marker of PSE maturation, with rapid expulsion of PSE-specific markers post-enucleation.

Conclusions:

  • Characterized a rapid developmental switch remodeling PSE precursors into functional sieve elements.
  • Highlighted the crucial roles of calcium signaling, autophagy, and F-actin dynamics in PSE differentiation.
  • Provided unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of PSE maturation processes.