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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

Nanoemulsion-based transdermal delivery of rilpivirine and dolutegravir for pediatric HIV treatment

Ariana Radmard1, Manjusha Annaji2, Abhijit A Date2

  • 1Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|July 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study developed a novel nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of pediatric HIV medications, improving adherence and treatment outcomes by bypassing oral administration. The system offers sustained drug release for enhanced pediatric HIV management.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pediatric HIV management faces challenges with adherence, dosing, and palatability.
  • Transdermal drug delivery offers a non-invasive alternative to oral medications, potentially improving compliance.
  • Current pediatric HIV therapies require strategies to overcome administration barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a transdermal nanoemulsion for co-delivery of dolutegravir and rilpivirine in pediatric HIV therapy.
  • To overcome challenges associated with oral administration of antiretroviral drugs in children.
  • To create a system enhancing drug penetration and sustained release via the skin.

Main Methods:

  • Development and optimization of a nanoemulsion formulation using Design of Experiments software.
  • Establishment of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for drug quantification.
  • In vitro permeation studies to assess drug release and skin penetration characteristics.

Main Results:

  • An optimized nanoemulsion with a particle size of 166 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.329 was successfully formulated.
  • The nanoemulsion demonstrated stability, appropriate transmittance, and high drug content.
  • In vitro studies confirmed sustained transdermal delivery of dolutegravir and rilpivirine over 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoemulsion formulation is a promising transdermal system for pediatric HIV therapy.
  • This approach has the potential to significantly improve patient compliance and treatment outcomes.
  • Transdermal delivery offers a viable strategy to address adherence issues in pediatric HIV management.

Keywords:
Formulation optimizationIn vitro permeationNanoemulsionPediatric HIV managementTransdermal drug delivery

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