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CTAB-modified chitosan nanocoatings: Increasing the cationic surface character by self-assembly.

Péter Márton1, Petra Demény2, Adél Rácz3

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) incorporated into chitosan nanolayers creates effective antimicrobial coatings. These CTAB-chitosan coatings show enhanced surface properties and significant bacterial inhibition against B. subtilis.

Keywords:
Cationic surface characterCetyltrimethylammonium bromideChitosanNanocoatingPolymer-surfactant interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with inherent antimicrobial properties.
  • Surface modification of chitosan is crucial for enhancing its functionality.
  • Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is a cationic surfactant with antimicrobial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize CTAB-containing chitosan nanolayers on glass substrates.
  • To investigate the effect of CTAB concentration on nanolayer structure and surface properties.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the developed nanocoatings.

Main Methods:

  • Dip-coating technique for nanolayer deposition.
  • UV-visible spectroscopy for thickness measurement.
  • AFM, X-ray diffraction, and solid-state NMR for structural analysis.
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements for surface characterization.
  • Zeta potential, turbidimetric, and colorimetric assays for antibacterial evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Homogeneous nanolayers formed at low CTAB concentrations (0.25-1.0 mM).
  • Phase separation and CTAB crystallite formation occurred at higher CTAB concentrations (>1.0 mM).
  • Significant CTAB accumulation at the coating-air interface, increasing surface hydrophilicity.
  • Increased positive surface charge (zeta potential) and over 80% inhibition of B. subtilis.

Conclusions:

  • CTAB-chitosan nanolayers exhibit unique molecular structures with outward-oriented cationic head groups.
  • The surface accumulation of CTAB enhances antimicrobial properties.
  • These findings offer a robust strategy for developing advanced antimicrobial coatings.