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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Endurance exercise elicits a hepatic memory associated with improved metabolic function and protein secretion.

Yi-Heng Huang1, Clay J Weidenhamer1, Nasrin Dabirian1

  • 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

Molecular Metabolism
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Endurance exercise retraining creates a lasting liver memory, reducing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and improving glucose regulation. This hepatic memory persists even under obesogenic conditions.

Keywords:
CarboxylesterasesGlucose metabolismLiver memoryMASLDPPARαPhosphatidylcholines

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Metabolic health
  • Liver disease

Background:

  • Endurance exercise offers protection against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
  • The persistence of these protective effects after training cessation is not well understood.
  • Investigating the concept of a 'hepatic memory' of exercise is crucial for understanding long-term metabolic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the metabolic benefits of endurance exercise persist after training cessation.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this 'hepatic memory' in mice and humans.
  • To explore the role of specific liver pathways and enzymes in maintaining exercise-induced metabolic improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized endurance training cycles in mice to isolate hepatic memory.
  • Conducted liver transcriptomic analysis to identify affected pathways.
  • Measured serum lipid profiles, enzyme activities, and protein levels.
  • Examined the effects under an obesogenic diet challenge and in human participants.

Main Results:

  • Endurance retraining persistently reduced hepatic steatosis and improved glucoregulation.
  • Retraining upregulated hepatic carboxylesterases (CES) and increased circulating carboxylesterase activity.
  • Enhanced delivery of phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) to working muscle was observed.
  • The hepatic memory of exercise demonstrated resilience under an obesogenic diet and was observed in humans with prior training.

Conclusions:

  • Endurance retraining establishes a persistent hepatic exercise memory.
  • This memory involves transcriptional reprogramming and lipid remodeling, conferring resilience against MASLD.
  • The PPAR-RXR-clock axis may be involved in coordinating lipid delivery and fatty acid oxidation.