Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026
08:27
Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
Published on: March 3, 2023
Objective amplitude of accommodation using different accommodative stimuli.
Alejandro León Álvarez1, Mark Rosenfield2, Sandra Milena Medrano3
1Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia.
Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|July 9, 2026
Summary
Objective methods for measuring accommodative amplitude show good reliability. While the push-up technique differs slightly, all methods are suitable for objective assessment of accommodation.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Vision Science
Background:
- Amplitude of accommodation is typically measured subjectively.
- Objective techniques offer greater repeatability for assessing accommodation.
- Stimulation techniques vary across objective accommodation measurement methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate differences, concordance, and reliability of objective accommodation measurement methods.
- Compare various stimulation procedures for objective amplitude of accommodation assessment.
- Determine the suitability of different techniques for objective accommodation amplitude measurement.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 80 young adults (18-27 years).
- Monocular amplitude of accommodation measured using objective (dynamic retinoscopy) and subjective methods.
- Stimulation techniques included push up, push down, and push away procedures, assessed over two sessions by two evaluators.
Main Results:
- No significant session-to-session differences for objective or subjective methods (p > 0.05).
- Significant differences found between the push-up method and other procedures (p < 0.001).
- Objective push-up method showed poor concordance with other objective methods; subjective methods had poor to moderate concordance.
Conclusions:
- Objective and subjective methods demonstrate good reliability across sessions.
- While push-up yields higher values, differences are clinically small (mean ≤ 0.25D).
- All evaluated techniques are viable for objective amplitude of accommodation assessment.
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