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Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

Published on: May 9, 2019

Assessing some low- and no-cost image processing software for gunshot residue pattern analysis.

Jodie L Harrington¹, Ellouise J Southwell¹, James McBroom¹

¹School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.

Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society

|July 9, 2026

Summary

This study assesses free software for analyzing gunshot residue (GSR) patterns, crucial for ballistic reconstructions. These tools enhance GSR analysis in resource-limited settings, aiding forensic science services.

Keywords:

Fiji image processing Frugal forensics Gunshot residue ImageJ Shooting distance determination

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Ballistics
Digital Image Analysis

Background:

Accessible forensic science services are vital for resource-limited environments.
Gunshot residue (GSR) pattern analysis is key for ballistic reconstructions, especially in close-range shootings.
Interpreting GSR particle density aids in determining muzzle-to-target distance.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate low- or no-cost pattern analysis software for gunshot residue (GSR) images.
To assess the utility of open-source software for analyzing GSR patterns from various imaging techniques.
To demonstrate the feasibility of statistical analysis for GSR pattern data.

Main Methods:

Applied open-source software (Fiji, R) and plugins to analyze GSR patterns.
Utilized different imaging methods: infrared, fluorescence, and chemical nitrite development.
Performed statistical analysis on datasets, measuring pattern centroid and region of interest.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the effectiveness of Fiji and R for GSR pattern analysis.
Successfully analyzed GSR patterns documented via infrared, fluorescence, and chemical methods.
Showcased the feasibility of statistical comparisons for GSR pattern data.

Conclusions:

Free and open-source software (Fiji, R) can effectively analyze GSR patterns.
These tools support ballistic reconstructions and research in diverse resource settings.
The approach enhances the provision of forensic science services globally.