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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis
13:31

Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis

Published on: October 31, 2014

Repurposing CRISPR-associated transposases for engineering microbiology.

Tao Chang1, Bo Xin2, Jinshan Li3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Trends in Biotechnology
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-associated transposase (CAST) systems offer a novel, DNA double-strand break-free method for microbial genome editing. These systems enable efficient, large DNA integration and genetic reprogramming in nonmodel organisms.

Keywords:
CASTCRISPRmicrobial communitiesnonmodel microorganismstransposition

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Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection
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Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: May 23, 2016

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis
13:31

Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis

Published on: October 31, 2014

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection
11:28

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: May 23, 2016

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) revolutionized microbial genome editing but have limitations.
  • Reliance on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and homologous recombination restricts large DNA integration and engineering nonmodel microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery, characterization, and engineering of CRISPR-associated transposase (CAST) systems.
  • To explore CAST applications in microbial engineering, focusing on large DNA integration and nonmodel organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CAST system discovery and characterization.
  • Analysis of engineering strategies for enhanced CAST efficiency and specificity.
  • Compilation of CAST applications in microbial genome engineering.

Main Results:

  • CAST systems enable DNA double-strand break-free, recombination-independent integration of large DNA fragments.
  • Diverse CAST systems have been discovered and characterized.
  • Engineering strategies improve CAST integration efficiency and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • CAST systems present a powerful alternative to traditional CRISPR for microbial genome editing.
  • They hold significant potential for multi-copy DNA integration and genetic reprogramming of nonmodel microorganisms and complex communities.
  • Further research into CAST limitations and future directions is warranted.