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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:27

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Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.

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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
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Published on: July 11, 2025

Kekulé superconductivity in twisted magic angle bilayer graphene.

Ke Wang1,2, K Levin3,4

  • 1Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. kewang07@uchicago.edu.

Nature Communications
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers propose a new theory for superconductivity in twisted graphene, identifying a Kekulé pair-density wave (PDW) state. This state explains key experimental observations in moiré graphene superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Superconductivity in twisted graphene remains a significant unsolved problem in physics.
  • Recent experiments suggest Kekulé ordering in moiré graphene superconductors, motivating new theoretical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microscopic theory for superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene.
  • To explain the observed Kekulé ordering and other experimental signatures in moiré graphene superconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microscopic theory for superconductivity.
  • Analysis of pairing mechanisms, symmetry breaking, and quasiparticle density of states.
  • Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Identification of an intra-valley, finite-momentum pair-density wave (PDW) with intrinsic Kekulé modulation.
  • Observed features include C3 rotation symmetry breaking (nematic order), triplet pairing, and a evolving quasiparticle density of states.
  • The proposed state aligns with experimental signatures and is near a BEC-like phase, explaining short coherence lengths.

Conclusions:

  • A microscopic intra-valley Kekulé PDW is a compelling candidate for unconventional superconductivity in twisted graphene.
  • The theory provides a unified explanation for multiple experimental observations.
  • Further research can explore the implications of this PDW state for other moiré systems.