Related Experiment Videos
Evaluating demographic variation in no-cost naloxone distribution in North Carolina: a cross-sectional survey study
Grace Marley1,2, Caroline Shubel3, Izabela E Annis3
1Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Grace_trull@unc.edu.
Background:
The objective of this study was to identify naloxone distribution resources, as well as to evaluate potential differences in naloxone distribution by demographic population utilizing a naloxone distribution score.
Methods:
We utilized a cross-sectional online survey of potential no-cost naloxone distributors in North Carolina (NC) to identify their program type, where programs distribute no-cost naloxone, and to whom no-cost naloxone distribution was distributed in 2023. This information was utilized to create a naloxone distribution measure at the ZIP code level.
Results:
A total of 241 survey responses for programs were identified as distributors of no-cost naloxone to community members in NC. At least one no-cost naloxone distributor served all demographic populations in over 92% of NC ZIP codes. The Non-Hispanic (NH) White group had the highest mean naloxone distribution score of 30.2 (SD = 8.9) across all ZIP codes, suggesting greater distribution to this demographic. After adjusting for the size of the race/ethnicity population in GEE models, all minority race/ethnicity groups had significantly lower naloxone distribution than the NH White group.
Conclusions:
The naloxone distribution score calculated suggests NH White populations may be served by no-cost naloxone distributors more frequently when compared to other populations.
Related Concept Videos
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This relationship...
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections
Bias in Epidemiological Studies