Effects of core strength training on athletic performance in handball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Statement (registration number: CRD420261366106) to systematically evaluate the effects of core strength training (CST) on the competitive performance of handball players and to provide evidence-based references for the scientific implementation of sport-specific core strength training in handball. Literature searching and screening were performed independently by two researchers. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, and their methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 8 RCTs involving 226 handball players were ultimately included. The results indicated that, based on currently available limited evidence, CST combined with conventional training significantly improved players' overall throwing ability compared with conventional handball training alone (mean difference [MD] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.50, 4.40], P < 0.00001). Specifically, statistically significant improvements were observed in standing throw and running throw, whereas no significant difference was found in jump throw. CST combined with conventional training also significantly enhanced athletes' jumping ability (MD = 3.76, 95% CI [1.58, 5.94], P = 0.0007); however, no significant intervention effect on linear sprint performance was detected (P = 0.34). Findings from the included studies suggest that training duration and frequency may be associated with intervention outcomes, and an 8-week intervention cycle may yield measurable improvements in sport-specific performance.

Based on current research evidence, CST can improve the competitive performance of handball players across multiple dimensions. It is recommended that sport-specific core training, delivered 2-3 times per week for a minimum duration of 8 weeks, be progressively integrated into routine handball training programs in accordance with the specific demands of handball.