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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: June 14, 2014
Lyonization of X-chromosome: New insights
1Centre for Human Genetics, Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase 1, Bangalore 560 100, India.haranganath@gmail.com.
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Ever since Mary Lyon (Nature 190:372-373, 1961) proposed the phenomena of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals, our quest to understand the mechanism underlying it is in progress. Our current knowledge of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is due to the application of state-of-the-art genomic and transcriptomic technologies, advanced microscopy, and cutting-edge in vitro differentiation models. The role of long-noncoding RNA Xist along with proteins (ribonucleoproteins) in the epigenetic silencing has led to the better understanding of XCI. Now attempts are on the way to reverse X-chromosome repression at specific gene loci in the female genome and to cure X-linked disease. This review presents narrative includes a comprehensive overview of these developments.
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