A guide to laser microdissection-based proteomics

Laser microdissection-based proteomics enables spatially resolved profiling of the proteome within intact tissue. Recent advances in histology, image analysis, laser microdissection and mass spectrometry have markedly increased the capability of this technology and driven the development of a range of powerful workflows. These now extend from regional tissue proteomics to emerging single-cell applications, with subcellular proteome mapping on the horizon. In this review, we examine the current state of laser microdissection (LMD)-based proteomics, outline what these approaches can offer, describe the standard workflow, and discuss which applications and instrumentation are best suited to address specific biological questions. We also highlight the strengths and limitations of current workflows and direct readers to key publications that describe and exemplify their successful implementation.