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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Schottky Barrier Diode01:27

Schottky Barrier Diode

Schottky barrier diodes are specialized semiconductor devices characterized by their unique construction. This construction involves combining a metal layer with a moderately doped n-type semiconductor material. This combination leads to the formation of a Schottky barrier, a pivotal element that defines the diode's operational characteristics. The core functionality of Schottky barrier diodes is their capacity to allow current to flow in only one direction due to their distinctive...
Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A diode...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Scalable high-temperature superconducting diodes enabled by intrinsic Josephson junctions.

Zihan Wei1,2, Youkai Qiao3, Yang-Yang Lyu1

  • 1Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

National Science Review
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High-temperature superconducting diodes were developed using intrinsic Josephson junctions in cuprates. This offers a scalable, lithography-compatible platform for dissipationless electronics and programmable superconducting devices.

Keywords:
high-temperature superconducting diodesintrinsic Josephson junctionsscalabilitytunable nonreciprocityzero-field memory effect

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconducting diodes enable nonreciprocal supercurrents, crucial for dissipationless electronics and exploring time-reversal symmetry breaking.
  • Developing high-temperature, scalable superconducting diode platforms is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ as a viable platform for high-temperature superconducting diodes.
  • To achieve tunable nonreciprocity and programmable functionality in these devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing naturally stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions in the cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ.
  • Controlling the number of junctions to tune nonreciprocity.
  • Fabricating arrays of hundreds of diodes using the natural junction architecture.
  • Developing a microscopic model based on geometry-induced anharmonicity.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated lithography-compatible, high-temperature superconducting diodes.
  • Achieved tunable nonreciprocity by controlling junction number.
  • Observed peak efficiency and programmable zero-field memory states in single-surface junctions.
  • Fabricated arrays of hundreds of reproducible diodes.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic Josephson diodes in cuprates provide a robust, scalable platform for high-temperature superconducting electronics.
  • The devices exhibit tunable nonreciprocity and programmable functionality, opening new avenues for superconducting transport.