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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Structural brain alterations in autism: A large-scale voxel-based morphometry mega-analysis.

Priya Rajagopalan, Gaon S Kim, L Nate Overholtzer

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This large autism brain study found smaller gray and white matter volumes across many brain regions. These structural differences are linked to reward processing and sensorimotor functions in autism.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
    12:21

    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

    Published on: September 12, 2011

    Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
    07:30

    Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

    Published on: August 18, 2020

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)
    06:26

    Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI)

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Neuroanatomy
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

    Background:

    • Previous MRI studies in autism identified gray matter (GM) differences in broad regions.
    • These analyses lacked spatial specificity, potentially obscuring focal neuroanatomical alterations.
    • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) offers greater precision for localizing GM and white matter (WM) differences in autism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct the largest VBM mega-analysis to date.
    • To identify voxel-wise GM and WM volume differences in autism with high spatial resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Included 3,051 participants (1,519 with autism, 1,532 neurotypicals).
    • Analyzed structural 3D T1-weighted MRI scans using the ENIGMA CAT12 VBM pipeline.
    • Employed linear mixed-effects regression to assess group differences in voxel-wise volumes.

    Main Results:

    • Autism associated with widespread lower GM volume in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions.
    • Significant alterations observed in orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and cerebellum.
    • Lower WM volume detected in major tracts, including the corona radiata, internal capsule, and cerebellar peduncles.

    Conclusions:

    • Autism is characterized by smaller GM and WM volumes across widespread brain regions.
    • Findings provide high-resolution localization of structural brain differences in autism.
    • Supports involvement of distributed neural systems in reward processing, sensory integration, and motor function.