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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
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zsasa: a Zig-based engine for high-throughput solvent accessible surface area at proteome scale.

Tsubasa Nagae, Kentaro Tomii

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed zsasa, a fast and memory-efficient tool for calculating solvent accessible surface area (SASA) in structural biology. It offers reproducible, high-throughput analysis for large datasets and complex structures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Structural biology
    • Computational chemistry
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) is crucial for understanding protein stability, ligand interactions, and molecular recognition.
    • Existing SASA calculation tools face challenges with throughput, memory usage, and handling large, complex structural datasets, hindering large-scale analyses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present zsasa, a new, high-performance engine for calculating SASA.
    • To provide a tool that is reproducible, memory-efficient, and suitable for large-scale structural biology workloads.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of Shrake-Rupley and Lee-Richards algorithms in a Zig-based engine.
    • Support for exact double/single precision modes, an optional bitmask approximation, batch processing, trajectory analysis, and compressed structure inputs.

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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  • Configurable atom classification, including Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD)-based radii for non-standard components.
  • Main Results:

    • zsasa demonstrated near-numerical identity with FreeSASA for Shrake-Rupley calculations on AlphaFold structures.
    • Achieved significant speedups (2.94x in exact mode, up to 9.70x in bitmask mode) compared to FreeSASA batch processing.
    • Exhibited substantial memory reduction (12.5%-25% of comparator peak memory) and high-speed trajectory analysis (>1000 frames/s).

    Conclusions:

    • zsasa is a practical and efficient tool for reproducible, large-scale SASA calculations.
    • Its performance characteristics make it suitable for analyzing predicted structures, molecular dynamics trajectories, and large protein assemblies.
    • zsasa facilitates the generation of surface-derived structural features essential for various biological investigations.