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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Published on: August 1, 2025

Sequential infection reprograms the immune landscape to shape future responses.

Mengdi Guo, Yanis Hichem Bouzaher, Diala Abd-Rabbo

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sequential infection (SI) in mice reshapes immunity, creating an inflammation-experienced immune landscape. This model better reflects human immunity, improving preclinical research for clinical translation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Translational Medicine
    • Preclinical Research

    Background:

    • Specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice exhibit immunological immaturity compared to humans.
    • Existing mouse models often fail to replicate the complexity of human immune responses.
    • This limits the clinical translation of findings from preclinical studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of cumulative pathogen exposure on immune system remodeling.
    • To develop a sequential infection (SI) mouse model that better mimics human immune experience.
    • To assess how cumulative exposure influences immune cell function and hematopoietic output.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a sequential infection (SI) model in mice.
    • Performed single-cell transcriptomic analyses to examine immune cell states.
    • Assessed functional immune responses, including responses to superagonists and viral challenges.

    Main Results:

    • SI induced system-wide immune remodeling in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues.
    • Naïve T cells showed inflammatory imprinting, while memory T cells exhibited enhanced effector programs.
    • SI mice demonstrated altered immune responses, mirroring human responses to certain stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • Cumulative pathogen exposure durably reshapes hematopoiesis and lymphocyte states.
    • The SI model establishes an inflammation-experienced immune landscape, enhancing translational fidelity.
    • This improved model has broad implications for preclinical research and clinical translation.