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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Individualized parcellation reveals functional boundaries in human prefrontal cortex.

Jinkang Derrick Xiang, Da Zhi, Bassel Arafat

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human prefrontal cortex (PFC) organization is an individualized mosaic. Personalized functional maps reveal fine-grained subdivisions within broad gradients, resolving debates on PFC structure.

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
    17:06

    Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

    Published on: November 8, 2012

    Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
    05:55

    Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

    Published on: October 13, 2023

    A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    11:50

    A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Published on: February 4, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Neuroimaging

    Background:

    • The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) underpins complex cognitive functions.
    • PFC organization is debated: continuous gradients vs. discrete subdivisions.
    • Large-scale gradients (e.g., rostro-caudal) suggest abstract-to-concrete processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the functional organization of the human prefrontal cortex.
    • To determine if PFC organization is best described by gradients or subdivisions.
    • To develop individualized functional parcellations to overcome group-averaging limitations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized task-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data across diverse cognitive tasks.
    • Combined a group atlas with individual fMRI data to create individualized functional parcellations.
    • Analyzed inter-individual variability in task-evoked functional organization.

    Main Results:

    • Group atlases revealed large-scale functional gradients across the PFC.
    • Individualized parcellations uncovered sharp functional boundaries previously obscured by group averaging.
    • PFC functional organization is significantly more fine-grained than other association cortices.

    Conclusions:

    • Human PFC organization is an individualized mosaic of fine-grained functional subdivisions.
    • These subdivisions are embedded within broader large-scale functional gradients.
    • Findings have implications for understanding the multiple-demand system and PFC function.