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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Mouse Skeletal Muscle Explants
06:53

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Mouse Skeletal Muscle Explants

Published on: October 15, 2019

Transient MYC Mimicking the Exercise Response Orchestrates Multifaceted Skeletal Muscle Adaptations.

Ronald G Jones, Pieter J Koopmans, Nathan Serrano

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transient MYC activation in adult skeletal muscle drives adaptive changes, revealing a novel role for this gene in muscle health beyond pathology. This study reframes MYC

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Physiology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The physiological role of MYC in adult tissues is poorly understood due to reliance on chronic induction models.
    • Existing research primarily links MYC to pathological states like tumorigenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the function of MYC when induced in a controlled, physiologically relevant manner in adult skeletal muscle.
    • To explore MYC's role in adaptive processes, such as those occurring during exercise.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed a recombination-independent strategy for transient MYC induction in adult skeletal muscle.
    • Utilized multi-timepoint, multi-omic analyses to capture dynamic cellular responses.

    Main Results:

    • Transient MYC bursts induced coordinated hypertrophic-metabolic reprogramming in skeletal muscle.
    • Observed a shift in myosin fiber type, mimicking adaptations from combined endurance and resistance training.
    • Identified a previously unrecognized muscle-specific role for MYC in regulating muscle cell composition.

    Conclusions:

    • MYC acts as a pleiotropic transcription factor crucial for multiple aspects of muscle health.
    • This study reframes the understanding of MYC from a solely pathological gene to one involved in physiological adaptation.
    • A comprehensive multi-omic dataset is provided for further research on MYC in muscle biology.