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The association between the ZJU index and chronic kidney disease: Evidence from the NHANES and GEO databases
Xinyang Wang1, Yi Yang1, Qingtai Meng2
1Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Objective:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health concern, and convenient predictors are needed. This study is the first to investigate the association between the ZJU index and CKD, explore the potential mediating role of inflammatory markers, and identify related biomarker genes. All these help to facilitate early CKD screening.
Methods:
This study included 12232 participants from the NHANES. The ZJU index was calculated based on laboratory parameters. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed to examine the association between the ZJU index and CKD. Cross-sectional mediation analysis was used to explore the statistical mediating role of inflammatory markers. Transcriptomic data from the GEO database were analyzed to screen candidate biomarkers.
Results:
Higher ZJU index values were significantly associated with CKD in a dose-dependent manner, with potential diagnostic ability, and this association was not observed in non-diabetic participants. Inflammatory markers accounted for a portion of the observed association. Furthermore, three immune-related genes were identified as promising candidate biomarkers for CKD.
Conclusion:
The ZJU index is associated with CKD occurrence and stage, partially mediated by systemic inflammation. It may serve as a cross-sectional diagnostic indicator for CKD, which requires external validation.
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