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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Association between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes: A population-based cohort study using the UK CPRD GOLD database.

P Spivakovsky¹, N L Barclay^1,2, E Burn¹

¹Botnar Research Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), NDORMS, University of Oxford, Old Rd, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK.

Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders

|July 10, 2026

Summary

This study found no evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to new cases of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed due to a limited number of diabetes events observed.

Keywords:

Association Cohort Diabetes Population SARS-CoV-2

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Conflicting findings exist regarding the association between SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and diabetes mellitus.
Understanding this potential link is crucial for public health management and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of new-onset Type 1 diabetes.
To determine if SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the incidence of new-onset Type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

A population-based cohort study utilized UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD data from January 2021 to June 2022.
Large-scale propensity score matching (Lasso regression) was employed to match COVID-19 patients with non-COVID controls and test-negative participants.
Poisson regression analysis examined the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and incident Type 1/Type 2 diabetes.

Main Results:

Analysis of 161,870 COVID-19 patients matched with controls showed no significant association with Type 1 diabetes (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.27) or Type 2 diabetes (RR 1.10).
Sensitivity analysis matching COVID-19 patients with test-negative individuals yielded similar non-significant results for Type 1 (RR 1.13) and Type 2 diabetes (RR 1.08).

Conclusions:

The study did not find evidence supporting an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the new onset of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.
The conclusions are limited by a small number of diabetes events, particularly for Type 1 diabetes, warranting further investigation.