Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026
09:13
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Published on: April 22, 2015
The Microbial Factors, Trace Elements, and Important Biological Indicators in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder:
Keli Qu1, Zhiliang Gao2, Cong Chang3
1Department of Child Healthcare, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Iranian Journal of Public Health
|July 10, 2026
Summary
Children with autism spectrum disorder show altered levels of key biological markers, including higher inflammation and gut bacteria, and lower serotonin and iron. Further research is needed to understand these differences.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Microbiology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
- Emerging research suggests potential links between ASD, microbiological factors, and biological markers.
- Understanding these associations may offer insights into ASD pathophysiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and compare microbiological variables, trace elements, and biological markers in children with ASD versus neurotypical controls.
- To synthesize findings from existing meta-analyses to identify significant differences.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID, Google Scholar, Embase).
- Meta-analysis techniques were employed using continuous models with fixed or random effects.
- Data from 27 studies involving 2557 children (2014-2024) were analyzed to determine mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Children with ASD exhibited significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), serotonin, and specific gut bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides).
- Conversely, significantly lower levels of oxytocin and serum iron were observed in children with ASD.
- Statistical significance was confirmed with reported P-values for all key findings.
Conclusions:
- The study confirms significant alterations in inflammatory markers, neurotransmitters, gut microbiota composition, and trace elements in children with ASD.
- These findings highlight potential biological pathways implicated in ASD.
- Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate and expand upon these results.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
01:22Gut-Brain Axis
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
01:26Modeling in Therapy
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
01:21Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...