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MotiVE BCI: motivation models including valence and expectancy in brain-computer interface use
1Section Intervention Psychology, Department of Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|July 10, 2026
Summary
This study introduces two novel motivation models for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the P300 MotiVE and SMR MotiVE models. These psychologically-grounded frameworks aim to enhance BCI performance by understanding user motivation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Psychology
Background:
- Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) show promise but are often limited by user performance.
- Motivation is recognized as a key factor influencing BCI efficacy, yet theoretical models are lacking.
- Existing literature highlights the psychological underpinnings of user engagement in BCI use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a theoretical framework for understanding motivation in BCI.
- To introduce psychologically-based motivation models for BCI use.
- To provide a foundation for future research and hypothesis generation in BCI motivation.
Main Methods:
- Synthesized existing literature on motivation and BCI.
- Developed the P300 MotiVE model based on psychological theories.
- Developed the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) MotiVE model based on psychological theories.
Main Results:
- Introduced the P300 MotiVE and SMR MotiVE models.
- These models explicitly target motivation and its subcomponents as factors influencing BCI performance.
- The models represent the first psychologically-grounded theoretical frameworks for BCI motivation.
Conclusions:
- The MotiVE models offer a novel theoretical approach to BCI motivation.
- Empirical validation of the models' assumptions is required.
- Further development may be needed for diverse BCI systems and applications.
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